Prospective relations between stigma, guilt, shame, posttraumatic stress and prolonged grief symptoms among overdose and suicide loss survivors.

The experience of bereavement following a suicide or fatal overdose can have a profound impact on an individual's mental health, with many people experiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief (PG). Research has shown that these symptoms are closely linked, but there is a lack of understanding about the underlying factors contributing to their development. A recent study aimed to address this gap by investigating the roles of stigmatization, guilt, shame, and avoidant coping in the development of PTSD and PG symptoms in individuals who have experienced traumatic loss. The study analyzed data from 212 adults who had lost a loved one to suicide or overdose

and who completed two waves of data collection six months apart. The results of the study showed that stigmatization and guilt experienced by bereaved individuals at the initial assessment point (T1) were associated with increased symptoms of PTSD and PG at the follow-up assessment point (T2). Furthermore, the study found that these relationships were mediated by feelings of shame at T1, and serially mediated by avoidant coping behaviors at T2. In other words, individuals who experienced stigmatization and guilt after their loss were more likely to feel ashamed, and this shame contributed to the development of PTSD and PG symptoms. Additionally, the use of avoidant coping strategies, such as avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the loss, further exacerbated these symptoms. The study found that these relationships were similar across both suicide- and overdose-bereaved adults, although the impact of avoidant coping was stronger for those who had lost a loved one to overdose. The findings of this study suggest that interventions that target shame-related cognitions and behavioral avoidance may be effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD and PG in individuals who have experienced traumatic loss.

Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40056999/