Latest Articles and News - Jun 27, 2025
post on 27 Jun 2025
Multimodal Management of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia Due to Aconitine Poisoning: A Case Report in a Resource-Limited Setting.
Aconitine, a potent plant alkaloid used in traditional Asian medicine, possesses significant toxicity risks. This case report presents a 42-year-old male with alcohol use disorder who developed life-threatening ventricular tachycardia after ingesting a homemade herbal liqueur. Initially thought to contain Cassia alata (candle bush), further investigation revealed that the tincture was instead prepared from Aconitum root (Wolfsbane) based on advice from an online social media video. He subsequently developed life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest refractory to initial interventions. In the absence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), flecainide, or procainamide, a multimodal approach involving multiple antiarrhythmics, including amiodarone, phenytoin, and stellate ganglion block, ultimately restored normal sinus rhythm. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and a flexible, multimodal treatment strategy in managing aconitine-induced arrhythmias, especially in resource-limited settings.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40574793/Simple but novel taxifolin@pro-glycymicelles as effective treatment for acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity: preparation, in vitro characterizations and in vivo experimental evaluations.
Objective To develop a simple but novel formulation named TAX@pro-glycymicelles with glycyrrhizin as the nanomaterial encapsulating taxifolin (TAX).Significance TAX@pro-glycymicelles simply prepared with two generally recognized as safe phytochemicals demonstrated excellent characteristics, improved oral bioavailability of TAX, and strong effects against hepatotoxicityMethods TAX@pro-glycymicelles was prepared and its physicochemical properties were determined. Safety assays, oral bioavailability in rats, treatment effects and mechanisms on liver injury in mice were also inflicted on TAX@pro-glycymicelle.Results TAX@pro-glycymicelles was simply prepared, and this obtained powder demonstrated good storage stability and could be rapidly solubilized into water solutions to be clear nano-glycymicelle solutions. The apparent aqueous solubility of TAX from TAX@pro-glycymicelles was exceptionally improved to higher than 40 mg/ml. The in vitro release of TAX@pro-glycymicelles was also accelerated, and their in vitro antioxidative activity increased. Hemolysis and hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assays showed that TAX@pro-glycymicelles exhibited good safety profiles. Oral bioavailability of TAX@pro-glycymicelles was approximately 32.1% higher than that of bare TAX in rats. TAX@pro-glycymicelles was also found to have a stronger dose-dependent treatment effect on acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity in mice than bare TAX, including decreasing liver-to-body and spleen-to-body weight ratios, significantly decreasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum, decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress cytokine levels in livers, and reversing severe histological damage to liver tissues. The mechanisms of inhibiting oxidative stress and blocking high-mobility group box 1 signaling-related proinflammatory cytokines were involved in these strong treatment effects.Conclusions TAX@pro-glycymicelles were found to be promising nano-formulations for treating acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40574722/A Case of Aniline Poisoning Manifesting as Cyanosis with Unknown Cause.
A 38-year-old man was brought to the hospital for emergency treatment of cyanosis. The patient exhibited generalized cyanosis and impaired consciousness despite adequate oxygen therapy. Arterial blood was black, and arterial blood gas analysis revealed an abnormally high methemoglobin level of 67.8%. We later interviewed his colleagues regarding his exposure to aniline while working at the factory and diagnosed him with methemoglobinemia due to aniline poisoning. The patient was administered methylene blue (MB) after being transferred to another hospital, where this treatment was available, resulting in an improvement in symptoms. Although rare, methemoglobinemia is serious. A good understanding of the circumstances at disease onset, characteristic findings, and abnormal values of methemoglobinemia is important. In addition, MB is an important therapeutic for the treatment of methemoglobinemia; if MB is not available at a particular hospital, transfer of the patient to a hospital that stocks MB should be considered.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40574260/Exploring the risk matrix of drug overdose deaths of young people: Drug use patterns, individual characteristics, circumstances, and environment.
The number of drug-induced deaths among young people has increased in Finland in recent years, and their proportion of all drug-induced deaths is among the highest in Europe. The aim of the multidisciplinary study was to explore individual, situational and environmental factors contributing to drug overdoses of young people in a non-heroin use setting. All drug overdose deaths (N = 300) of under 30-year-olds in Finland between 2019 and 2021 were investigated. The research material included police investigation reports, forensic autopsy reports, post-mortem toxicological reports, and death certificates. Public statistical indicators were used as secondary data. Of the deaths, 86.7 % were unintentional and 88.0 % were caused by poly-drug toxicity. In 53.7 %, substance use was recorded in the background documents, and 4.0 % had been in opioid agonist treatment at the time of death. The deceased had mental disorders in 51.6 % of the cases. Only 13.7 % were resuscitated by emergency care, as in most cases the person was either unresponsive or was found dead. The deceased lived in areas that are socially and economically disadvantaged compared to the average. Overdose deaths of young people result from a complex matrix of risk factors. It appears that, the treatment system has not effectively addressed the needs of the deceased, and the retention of health and social care has been inadequate. Additionally, help seems to have been called too late. Tailored interventions that acknowledge the known risks of drug overdoses are needed as well as political decisions that enable harm-reduction measures.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40570769/Fully exposed palladium clusters mitigate catalyst poisoning during water contaminant reduction.
Palladium-based catalysts hold great promise for water treatment applications but are often poisoned by sulfur species and natural organic matter (NOM). Here, we present a photochemical strategy to synthesize fully exposed Pd clusters through oxygen coordination to mitigate sulfur and NOM poisoning. These ultrasmall Pd clusters efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of carbon-halogen bonds in sulfur-rich (50 µM) and NOM-rich (10 mg C/L) water matrices. Experimental and computational studies reveal that oxygen-coordinated Pd-Pd sites in fully exposed Pd clusters exhibit weaker sulfur and NOM adsorption at top and bridge sites, thereby mitigating catalyst poisoning. In contrast, conventional Pd nanoparticles possess predominantly metallic Pd sites that strongly bind poisoning species at hollow sites, resulting in rapid deactivation. These fully exposed clusters not only mitigate deactivation by sulfur and organic species, but also maintain high catalytic activity across a broad range of water contaminants and complex water matrices. This work presents a new design strategy for developing robust and selective hydrogenation catalysts for advanced water treatment applications.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40570493/
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